[Lead levels in powders of surma [Kohl] used in Kerman]

Lead poisoning is a global problem and considered to be the most important environmental disease in children. Exposure to even low amounts of lead is dangerous. Lead containing eye make ups due to the long time contact with skin and eye mucosa can lead to blood and eye symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of lead in powders of kohl in Kerman. In this study, from 12 types of kohl in Kerman sale centers, 48 samples were prepared. After preparation, the lead content of samples has been measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery. Mean concentration of lead in measured samples was 254.5micro g/g. Minimum and maximum concentrations of lead were 3.2micro g/g and 1219.4micro g/g, respectively. Totally, average lead concentrations of plant-base samples were lower than that of mineral-base ones. According to the results, high levels of lead in available Surmas in Kerman city requires some cultural measures for changing peoples' attitudes toward using this cosmetics as eyeliner or revision in their formulation in order to remove lead or decrease it to the standard limit. Since use of Kohl is associated with increase of lead in blood and ocular problems, determination of blood lead concentration and ocular problems in consumer groups are highly recommended

Removal of heavy metals from paint industry's wastewater using Leca as an available adsorbent

The ability of light expanded clay aggregate to remove Pb++ and Cd++ from paint industry's effluents was studied at different levels of adsorbent, contact time and pH in April 2008. For this purpose, Pb and Cd removal from paint industry effluents were studied in batch reactors. Pb and Cd measurements have been taken with non-flame atomic absorption techniques and test methods were adapted from 19 th edition of standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. In this study, different amounts of Leca [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 g/L] were investigated. The amount of adsorbed Pb [II] and Cd [II] exposure to Leca increased from 1.41 to 3 mg/g and 0.22 to 0.75 mg/g, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency for Pb was 93.75% at pH = 7 and exposure to 10 g/L of Leca, while for Cd, it was nearly 89.7% at the same condition. In this study, adsorption process of lead and cadmium was fitted with Freundlich adsorption isotherm [R2Pb = 0.97 and R2Cd = 0.98]. The sufficient contact time was deemed 1-2 h for Cd and Pb. According to the results, Leca is recommended as a low cost and available adsorbent to remove lead and cadmium from industrial wastewater

Pb and Co removal from paint industries effluent using wood ash

The release of heavy metals into the environment is a worldwide major concern. Different studies have demonstrated that natural agents have a high removal capacity for divalent heavy metal ions. Wood ash is a natural adsorbent and, in comparison with others, has a very low price. In this study, the removal of heavy metals [Pb and Co] from Binalood paint industry [Kerman, Iran] effluent was investigated in batch condition. Pb and Co measurement in samples were done with atomic absorption equipment and test methods were adapted from standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The effect of pH and the amount of adsorbent was determined and different adsorption isotherms were also obtained. This study shows that the adsorption process follows the adsorption Langmuir isotherm. The amount of wood ash has a great role in the adsorption rate and adsorption rate increased as wood ash increased. In the study, the reactions reached equilibrium in 3 h contact time. The maximum Pb removal efficiency was 96.1% at pH 2 with a contact time of 3 h and 100 g/L wood ash and the maximum Co removal efficiency was 99% at pH 2 with a contact time of 3 h and 100 g/L wood ash. According to the results, wood ash is recommended as a low cost and available adsorbent to remove Pb and Co from municipal and industrial wastewaters